Why Business Ethics Must Be Presented, Preserved And...

Business Ethics Must Be Presented, Preserved and Promoted By Glenn Ebersole | Submitted On January 23, 2007 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Glenn Ebersole Business ethics are an almost daily topic in the news, in business schools, in the workplace and in our homes. I pay close attention to business ethics and what is written about them in my daily life as a strategic thinking, planning and business coach. I am still astounded at the remarks of major corporations a few years ago when they said they waived or suspended the ethics code or requirements. I am still at a total loss at how anyone can suspend or waive ethics. While I may not be able to explain the suspension or waiving of ethics, I do hope to provide some solid advice on what business and other organizations need to do today to present, preserve and promote ethics in their organizations. Here are ten action items I would recommend: 1. Present ethical behavior as a requirement, not an option. Major business corporations are standing trial, literally and figuratively, for very strong violations of ethics. Acting unethically means that eventually you will be caught. Today is a very opportune time to takeShow MoreRelatedSustainable Tourism6442 Words   |  26 Pagesnature-based tourism, ecotourism and cultural tourism. Sustainable tourism is becoming so popular that some say that what we presently call alternative will be the mainstream in a decade. All tourism activities of whatever motivation - holidays, business travel, conferences, adventure travel and ecotourism - need to be sustainable. Sustainable tourism is defined as tourism that respects both local people and the traveller, cultural heritage and the environment. It seeks to provide people with anRead MoreMotivation Factors in Dark Tourism13274 Words   |  54 Pagesof history and heritage, tourism and tragedies. Humanity has been interested in the end o f life since the time of pilgrimages. In contemporary society the individual has been isolated from the end of life and even discussing it is considered taboo. Why do people travel to dark attractions associated with death and suffering if even talking about them is so hard? The House of Terror museum in Budapest, Hungary, is a good example of a dark tourism attraction. It stands as a monument to the memory ofRead MoreIntroduction to Marketing Revision Notes8991 Words   |  36 Pagesand provide the customer with real value (or the organisation goes out of business). This process is cyclical, because products usually begin with the determination phase. There is a feedback loop to determine whether this product suits customers’ needs. These processes are influenced and dependent upon society and are regulated by government. Marketing: Ancient or Brand New? Marketing as a coherent approach to business has been around since the early 1920s. 1. Production period, 1890s-1920s:Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesTraining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Training and Staff Development for Established Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Performance Appraisals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Why Appraisals Are Done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 When to Do Appraisals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Who Does the Appraisals?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Problems in Rating. . . . . . . . Read MoreEmployment Cycle15431 Words   |  62 PagesSA Establishment M Uncorrected sample pages †¢ Cambridge University Press †¢  © Somers, Cain, Jeffery 2011 †¢ 978-1-107-63549-4 †¢ Ph 03 8671 1400 PL Strategic business objectives Human resources planning Employment cycle Maintenance Termination What’s ahead E 10 ManageMent of the eMployMent cycle PL demand and supply of labour, succession planning and the overall management of the three phases of the employment cycle: establishment, maintenance and termination. Key Knowledge Read MoreBodie, Kane, Marcus Study Guide Essay40928 Words   |  164 Pagesdifferent investment types, the markets in which the securities trade and to investment companies. In this chapter the student is introduced to the general concept of investing, which is to forego consumption today so that future consumption can be preserved and hopefully increased in the future. Real assets are differentiated from financial assets, and the major categories of financial assets are defined. The risk/return tradeoff, the concept of efficient markets and current trends in the markets areRead MoreEmilio Jacintos Trading Cooperative19425 Words   |  78 Pagespractices in the 21st century Kimberly A. Zeuli and Robert Cropp ABOUT THE COVER IMAGE: The â€Å"twin pines† is a familiar symbol for cooperatives in the United States. The Cooperative League of the USA, which eventually became the National Cooperative Business Association (NCBA), adopted it as their logo in 1922. The pine tree is an ancient symbol of endurance and immortality. The two pines represent mutual cooperation—people helping people. COOPERATIVES: ii Chapter 1 An introduction to cooperativesRead MoreISLAMIC BELIEFS OBSERVANCES LAWS15412 Words   |  62 Pageswere given divine books by Allah Amongst them were Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Ishaq, Ismaeel, Yaqoob, Yousaf, Daud, Musa, Haroon, Sulaiman, Shoaib, Isaa, Muhammad. All divine books are source of guidance for the past, present and future generations. Muslims must believe in all the books sent to the Prophets. These books were: Suhuf to Ibrahim, Taurat to Musa, Zaboor to Daud, Injil to Isaa, and Quran to Muhammad. All the Prophets served as role models for their people. They Quran says, Verily in the MessengerRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell LeadershipRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBounded Rationality, and Intuition 175 †¢ Common Biases and Errors in Decision Making 177 Influences on Decision Making: Individual Differences and Organizational Constraints 184 Individual Differences 184 †¢ Organizational Constraints 186 What About Ethics in Decision Making? 187 Three Ethical Decision Criteria 187 †¢ Improving Creativity in Decision Making 188 Summary and Implications for Managers 190 S A S A S A L L L Self-Assessment Library What Are My Gender Role Perceptions? 166 glOBalization

A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor Essay

â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† written by Flannery O’Connor tells the story of a dysfunctional family headed to vacation and their inevitable death. The family, including their matriarch, the grandmother, represents the delusion perfection that many modern Christians have. The family displays an extreme sense of vanity, self-centeredness, and disobedience during the first half of the story. The first half of the story does not follow a specific pattern nor does it hold significance to the family’s lives. O’Connor uses the first half of the story to show her audience that the family is heading down a path of destruction due to their narcissism and current lifestyle. In the second half of the story, O’Connor quickly introduces the†¦show more content†¦O’Connor reveals the family is not living a true Christian life, but instead living a lie unknowingly. Specifically referring to O’Connor’s layout of the story, she reveals the grandmother’s flaws and foreshadows how her behavior and lifestyle will lead to the deaths of her family. The grandmother causes many of the random acts to occur within the first half of the story, from her blurting out about the plantation’s whereabouts to discussing the lack of good people in the world with Red Sammy. Hendricks concludes the grandmother’s self-centered actions and lack of regard towards others results in her being â€Å"the source of her most serious shortcoming – her firm, and eventually fatal, conviction of her own rightness† (204). O’Connor allows the grandmother to alter the family’s route, create tension between the son and his children through introducing the idea of visiting the old plantation house, and by sneaking the cat on the vacation, which ultimately leads to the car accident. The grandmother’s illogical thought process combined with her over confidence and lack of humility, lead s to she and her family’s untimely deaths. Prior to the accident, the family participates in sightseeing, visiting Red Sammy’s restaurant, and arguing amongst each other. This portion of the story does not follow a pattern and serves only to show the readers that the characters, specifically the grandmother, are living life inShow MoreRelatedA Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1196 Words   |  5 PagesA prolific writer, famously known as Flannery O’Connor in 1953, wrote the short narrative titled â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† (Scott 2). However, it was published two years later in 1955, in her second collection of short stories. This particular collection presented the author as a key voice in the ancient American literature world until she met her sudden death in 1964 when she was only 39. The collection also won her tremendous fame, especially concerning her unmatchable creativity and masteryRead MoreA Good Man is Hard to Find by Flanne ry OConnor748 Words   |  3 PagesFlannery O’Connor’s Southern Gothic short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† is one of sudden violence; although, it begins rather uneventful (Kaplan 1). Bailey, his wife, and their children, John Wesley, June Star, and a baby boy, are all looking forward to a trip to Florida. Grandmother, Bailey’s mom, wants to go to east Tennessee to see her relatives, not Florida. She uses an article in the newspaper that tells of an escaped criminal, the Misfit, which is headed to Florida to try to persuadeRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor645 Words   |  3 PagesA Good Man â€Å"She would have been a good woman†¦if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life† (Gardner). Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† tells of Bailey, his wife, their three children and Bailey’s mother all heading to Florida for vacation. In this paper I will summarize the story, and discuss the irony of the story and the morality and religion in the story. The family, Bailey, his wife, three children and his mother, are set to go on vacation to FloridaRead MoreA Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor 664 Words   |  3 PagesIn the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery OConnor uses the grandmother as a person who gets what she wants. At first she doesnt want to go to Florida she wants to visit her relatives in Tennessee. We also learn she is manipulative when she tries to change Baileys (her son) mind. Whenever something doesnt go her way she wants she isnt pleased. She uses the story of the Misfit to scare the family so that they would go to Tennessee. Something else the grandmother says about herself inRead More The Journey in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor690 Words   |  3 PagesThe Journey in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor In A Good Man Is Hard to Find, Flannery OConnors character searches for grace and redemption in a world full of sin. Grimshaw states, each one, nonetheless, is free to choose, free to accept or reject Grace (6). The Grandmother in A Good Man is Hard to Find, is on a journey for grace and forgiveness in a world where the redemption she is searching for proves to be hard to find. The Grandmother often finds herself at oddsRead More A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesA Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the short story, A Good Man is Hard to Find, the main character is the grandmother. Flannery OConnor, the author, lets the reader find out who the grandmother is by her conversations and reactions to the other characters in the story. The grandmother is the most important character in the story because she has a main role in the stories principal action. This little old lady is the protagonist in this piece. We learn more about her fromRead MoreEssay on A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1564 Words   |  7 PagesA Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor A Good Man is Hard to Find is an extremely powerful commentary that elucidates Flannery OConnors opinions about religion and society. Like the majority of her other works, A Good Man is Hard to Find has attracted many interpretations based on Christian dogma (Bandy 1). These Christian explications are justified because Miss OConnor is notorious for expressing Catholic doctrines through her fiction. Once she even remarked I see fromRead MoreA Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor Essay1959 Words   |  8 Pages Who is the Misfit? In the short story, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† a family comprising of a grandmother, a father, three children, and a wife is headed on vacation has the misfortune of meeting a murderous band of serial killers. The Misfit and his band of serial killers are recently escapees of a federal prison. In the following paragraphs this paper looks into the issues of, what one would do in a situation such as that and the background of the the family and murderers as well. The MisfitRead More Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1038 Words   |  5 PagesUse of Symbolism in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor is a short story that depicts a familys vacation to Florida that turned into an abysmal tragedy when they met with the Misfit, a convict who escaped from prison. This story is meant to be interpreted as a parable, whereby OConnor made skilful use of symbolism to bring about messages such as the class-consciousness and the lack of spiritual faith that exist amongst human. Read MoreA Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story A Good Man Is Hard to Find, written by Flannery O’Connor, the theme that the definition of a ‘good man’ is mysterious and flawed is apparent. The reader must realize that it is difficult to universalize the definition of a good man because every person goes through different experiences. Thus, these experiences affect his or her viewpoint and in turn flaw ones view on a good man. O’Connor conveys this theme through her excellent us e of diction, imagery, foreshadowing, and symbolism

Crime Is A Social Construction - 1083 Words

In this essay I will be discussing Christie’s (2004) viewpoint that crime is a social construction, drawing viewpoints from Henry (2001), Walklate (2007), and Cohen (1972). Firstly, it is important to address the construction of the dictionary definition of crime and then to delve further into the changing nature of crime itself, also reflecting on crime within certain contexts. This will happen by looking at the current definition of crime and cross-examining it with Christie’s theoretical perspective, and then contrasting this with differing viewpoints who look at it from a broader perspective in regards to time and different cultures. Firstly, Oxford Dictionaries (n.d.) currently defines crime as ‘an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law’ and a social construct as ‘a concept or perception of something based on the collective views developed and maintained within a society or social group’. Christie (2004) offers an alternative perspective that crime, as an entity, does not exist and is a social construct. He mentions that ‘crime does not exist. Only acts exist, acts often given different meanings within various social frameworks. Acts, and the meaning given them, are our data.’ He discusses the theory that crime is utilised as a universal classification for a range of bad ‘acts’. Within the context of crime, these ‘acts’ consist of a range of behaviours that members of a society have reached a moral consensus on what is seen asShow MoreRelatedCrime As A Social Construction Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Introd uction Crime is a social construction, and behaviour defined as criminal varies across time and place. Crime is an act that violate moral behaviour, but why is that not all behaviours that violate moral behaviour are labelled as crime? This is because crime is defined differently across different societies and different times. Neutralisation and drift theory helps us to explain why people abuse children by showing us how perpetrators rationalise their guilt for these actions before theyRead MoreSocial Construction Of Race And Crime1173 Words   |  5 Pagesare seemingly different representations of race and crime. They are different in how they are constructed for their perceived audience in the majority and the opinion that is supposed to be evoked by the event. Within the public perception of crime in reality there is abundant racism that has been socially constructed over many generations. Whereas media crime is gentrified and critiqued in such a way as to support fears and intrigue int o crime through violence from what could rarely happen to theRead MoreCrime Is A Social Construction Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesCrime is often described as socially constructed, which influences our understanding of who commits a crime. Firstly, labelling theorists argue that crime is a social construction based on the powerful’s reaction to certain behaviour, those who are deviant are people that have been labelled as such. Marxists claim the bourgeoise construct crime in order to criminalise the proletariat, get away with their own deviance and maintain their own dominance. Neo-marxists look at how moral panics create aRead MoreOutline and assess the role of the police in the social construction of crime (50 marks)1735 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Outline and assess the role of the police in the social construction of crime (50 marks) Social construction refers to the way in which crime and deviance in society might be created and shaped by society and social institutions. This can occur in a number of different ways. For example, they can influence public perception and definitions of what establishes crime and deviance, deviants or non-deviants. They can also influence the amount of crime in society by amplifying it therefore clampingRead MoreCrime Is An Act Against The Law1334 Words   |  6 PagesCrime is an act against the law where the consequence of conviction by a court is punishment is a serious one such as imprisonment. The Oxford English Dictionary states that crime is: - â€Å"An act punishable by law, as being forbidden by statute or injurious to the public welfare†¦An evil or injurious act; an offence, a sin†. The government usually set laws that the people must follow, punishment is given for those who lighten those laws. The legal or criminal justice system applies the law and punis hesRead MoreCampus Crime : The Dark Side Of The Ivory Tower1456 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last two and half decades, campus crime as a social issue has come to the forefront of public attention and is regularly reported in both print and electronic media. Specific and general legislation has also been passed in order to prevent campus crime from occurring as well as to educate those who are either in danger of victimization or have the ability to prevent victimization and assure that justice is done. However, campus crime is not a new issue in regard to its occurrence, only inRead MoreOutline the View That Crime Is Socially Constructed Essay763 Words   |  4 Pagesoffer different definitions of crime, suggesting that it is a social construction as it varies across culture, time and belief. It will examine the role of social construction, through interpretation and meaning, in the identification, reporting and legal consequences of criminal acts. After illustrating how fear, escalated by the media, can directly affect crime, it will conclude that crime and its consequences are socially constructed. The obvious definition of crime is the legal definition ofRead MoreA New Deal For Victims And Witnesses Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesThis shows that the criminal justice system is keen to rebalance its focus on victims, witnesses and communities (Thomas, 2016). This will be evident when exploring approaches such as the restorative justice process. As well as providing the social construction of victimisation; the study will highlight the impact of criminal behaviour in a broader sense linking with diversity and discrimination. Finally, the more recent approach in working with victims via various organisations will be assessed andRead MoreCrime and Punishment Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesCrime at its simplest is an act prohibited by law upon pain of punishment (Hall-Williams 1964). Theorists such as McCabe (1983:49) stated that no word in legal and criminological terms could define the word crime for the varying content in which an act is categorised. Due to the broad spectrum s urrounding crime, differing understandings about human subjects and premises lead to the development of several theories, assumptions and forms of criminal law. Michael and Adler (1933:2) are often citedRead MoreEssay about Criminal Justice Myths and Facts1363 Words   |  6 Pages Compare and contrast crime myths and facts. The media plays a huge role in forming peoples perceptions of crime. Without the media we would remain ignorant to occurrences outside our direct social groups. The media and especially news coverage therefore provides us with an important point of contact with the rest of society. In evaluating its effect on popular perceptions of crime it becomes important to consider where most of the information comes from and how representative it is on

Improving Affordability Through Curbing Cost Increases

institutions rarely think of approaches toward this goal. According to the report published by Lumina Foundation, Putting Colleges on Notice: Crafting Smarter Strategies to Improve Affordability through Curbing Cost Increases, college leaders are â€Å"either failing to pay attention, failing to prioritize, or failing to act on the affordability issue† (Fryar and Carlson, 2014, p.3). Current efforts to improve affordability are halted by the insufficient attention and the â€Å"lack of knowledge, evidence, and thoughtful strategy regarding the role of institutional leaders† (p.3). In a 2008 survey, the Iron Triangle: College Presidents Talk About Costs, Access and Quality, a report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education and†¦show more content†¦Institutional leaders, as the entrepreneur for organization culture and value, their perception of the conflict between cost and quality, and the quality first mindset will shape the organization culture and influence institution’s efforts toward affordability. As discussed by Fryar (2014), if leaders perceive efforts to improve affordability as threats to the quality of their institution, efforts toward promoting affordability will be halted. Furthermore, prioritizing quality let college leaders seek for more stable and dependable financial sources. Tuition and fees, as one of the controllable and dependable source, will be the first choice for institution to maintain quality and avoid risk (Fryar, 2014). The dominant ideology that links price with quality in higher education institutions, or in other words, quality is maintained on the base of accumulation of tangible resources and the higher the price is, the better the education will be, is the root problem for the ineffective institutional affordability movements. Reducing Student Debt Burden Higher debt burden for students may increase their probability to default on the loans, and high cohort default rates can negatively reflect on institution quality;

Catholic Response to Reformation Free Essays

4. What were the responses of the Catholic authorities in the 16th century to the challenges posed by the Lutheran Reformation? The demand to reform the Roman Catholic Church stretched on for ages. Many people, such as Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, and Jan Hus criticized the church for its worldliness and believed that one didn’t need direction from the Church, but just needed to read the Bible for guidance. We will write a custom essay sample on Catholic Response to Reformation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was from these men that Martin Luther came to the conclusion that faith alone would lead to salvation and you didn’t need to work for it. Martin Luther appealed to Pope Leo X to correct the abuses of the Church. When that didn’t work, he rallied the people to follow him. His beliefs spread through German states and most of Northern Europe. In response, the Catholic Church assembled the Council of Trent, which defined the Catholic religion and reformed the abuses of the Catholic Church. The Church also established the Jesuits, who spread the Catholic teachings during the Lutheran Reformation. Finally, the Church employed many policing tactics against the Lutheran Reformation. These responses kept Catholicism a major religion in Europe. Although the conciliar movement was ended by Pope Pius II around the 1450s, the people during the Lutheran Reformation were calling for a general council of the church. Charles the V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and King of Spain, tried to persuade the Pope to assemble a council because he hope that the church would fix some of the abuses, thus stop people from converting to Lutheranism. However, Francis I, King of France, actively promoted the Protestants in Germany, even though France is a Catholic country. He did this because Charles V’s land surrounded France. He wanted Germany to be in a state of argument so that it would be too weak to be a threat to France. While Francis II did this, he also used his influence in Rome to call off any assembly of a council because it would expose the flaws of the Roman Catholic Church. In time, the King of France lost and a council was called to reform the abuses of the Church and establish a statement of the Catholic religion. It began deliberations in 1545 in Trent, in the Alpine border between Germany and Italy. The Council of Trent reaffirmed many beliefs of the Catholic religion such as it justified that faith and works led to salvation, transubstantiation, purgatory, and the celibacy of the clergy. The council of Trent also declared reforms in monastic orders. It called to correct the abuses of indulgence while at the same time upholding the principle. It also called for bishops to take more responsibilities in their administrative control over their clergy and to make sure they were properly taking care of their own duties. The Council also wanted competent men running their churches, so they set up seminaries to educate the priests. The decrees of the Council of Trent would have been obsolete if it wasn’t from a new religious seriousness within the Catholic Church. There was much hatred toward the Roman clergy, as shown by the sack of Rome in 1527, where German and Spanish soldiers looted Rome, killed thousands, captured the Pope. Moralist began to speak and there words were heard. New popes, starting with Pope Paul III, regarded his office as a religious force to reform the church. New religious orders were founded on the basis of the new Catholic faith. The Jesuits, the most famous of these orders; it was founded by a Spaniard named St. Ignatius Loyola. He had a religious experience in 1521, when he was a child before hearing of Luther, and wanted to become a soldier of the church. On this experience, he founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Authorized by Pope Paul III in 1540, the Jesuits were an order less attached to the clergy and more actively involved in the affairs of the world. They believe the Roman Church was a divine institution, and all members had to take a pledge to obey the Pope. The Jesuits were some of the most famous educators of the Catholic world, with around 500 schools in the upper and middle classes. They combined the faith and religious teachings of the Catholic Church with the etiquette teachings that a gentleman should have. The Jesuits also brought into their teachings the Renaissance humanism found in the Latin classics. The Jesuits were not only teachers of the Catholic religion, but they also acted as a missionary force. They recruited members from all over Europe, especially in areas that were still disputed over which religion to choose. After the initial burst of Protestantism faded, many people wanted to return to the Catholic religion, especially when the Council of Trent corrected the most obvious abuses of the Church. The Jesuits reconverted most of these people in the areas of Germany, Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary. They also recruited from countries that already turned Protestant, like England, where their goal was to stop Queen Elizabeth I because they believed that the universal church was more important than national independence in religion. The Catholic Church not only reformed and spread its teachings across Europe, but the Church set up laws and police to enforce the Catholic religion. Many books were censored by the Catholic Church. They were trying to suppress the knowledge of â€Å"heretics†, the Protestants, from the people. The Pope had a list published by the Pope called the Papal Index of Prohibited Books. Only individuals with special permission were able to study these books. There were many establishments that enforced the Church’s rules. None was more dreaded than the Spanish and Papal Inquisitions. Although the Spanish Inquisition was originally established to drive out the Jews and the Muslims, it was introduced to all the Spanish-ruled countries in Europe. It was employed against the Protestant movement in the Netherlands. The Papal Inquisition was established in 1514, under the Holy Office, a permanent committee of cardinals. To Rome, it was a revival of a famous medieval tribunal for the detection and repression of heresy. Both of these Inquisitions employed torture for various tasks. Torture was used for heresy or employed on any person charged with a crime, whether it was in civil and ecclesiastical court. The Spanish Inquisition was harsher than the Papal Inquisition in terms of punishment, people were often burned alive and the Papal Inquisition was all about protecting the faith in all parts of the Catholic world. In 1560, the major powers in Europe were declared Catholic countries, like France, Spain, and Austria. All the countries that turned to Protestantism were very small countries like the German states and the Scandinavian kingdoms in the north. The biggest Protestant nation was England, but England was still small compared to France and Spain. The reason why Protestantism did not spread is because of the tactics the Catholic Church employed against the Lutheran Reformation. The Council of Trent, the Jesuits, and the police commissions like the Inquisition all helped halt the teachings of Martin Luther and convinced the people to believe in the newer and better Catholic Church. How to cite Catholic Response to Reformation, Essay examples

Corruption Business Policy and Society

Question: Discuss about the Corruption Business for Policy and Society. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to study and evaluate the issue of corruption in the sports particularly football, boxing and tennis. One of the major challenges that have been always present in the sports is the incidents of corruptions and unethical practices. Moreover, it is important to understand that the authorities and officials that are vested with the responsibility of promoting sports and creating a healthy environment for the sports so that it can be a more exciting and enjoyable experience for both the players as well as the audiences are involved in such behaviours. From the examination of various corruption incidents and allegations, it is clear that corruption has assumed a greater magnitude in the football. For instance, the involvement of two of the biggest names in the football Sepp Blater and Michel Platini who were charged with misconduct and later relieved of their services proves that corruption in the football has reached to the highest level. Further, the incide nts of corruption in the football have been reported from all across the football playing nations and in most of the cases the managing authority has been involved (Bean, 2015). In the similar fashion, boxing which is among the ancient sports is facing the challenges of corruption. With the emergence of technology particularly the televisions and later pay per view technology has helped the boxing sports to become household name. Unfortunately, with the massive fan following and the huge amount of money involved, the issues of corruption found its way in the boxing as well. The officials of different boxing federation are found to manipulate the ranking of the boxers; in addition, the match referees are also found to be involved in the corruption. Moreover, the tennis has been in the spotlight recently for the reasons of corruption and unethical practices associated with the sports. Moreover the tennis integrity unit (TIU) way of functioning is quite opaque and favours the high seed players. Moreover the financial imbalance in the rewards or compensation provided to the players is highly unreasonable where the winners of grand slams collects over $2 million whereas first round losers get money that is not enough for buying something to eat. In addition betting and match fixing allegations are on the rise in the tennis sports (Masters, 2015). From the above discussion, it can be concluded that corruption has become a serious problem in the sports whether it is football, boxing or tennis. The most prolific forms of corruption in football are related to match fixing and illegal sports betting. Football teams in order to get good rankings are found involved in manipulating the game with the help of corrupt officials, referee and team management. In addition, one peculiar characteristic of corruption in tennis is the involvement of higher authorities. It can be attributed to the mass fan following and the amount of money involved. Further, the most likely form of emerging corruption in the football is associated with transferring of players from one club to another, construction of stadiums, venue allocation for matches and sponsorships bidding. Similarly, the most prolific form of corruption in the boxing is match fixing. Whereas, the emerging form of corruption in the boxing is related to the manipulation of players ranking and betting. On the other hand, the most common form of corruption in the tennis is related to the match fixing. This can be attributed to the inequality in the match fees that players receive. While the top players get huge money to live a lavish life, the bottom rung players find it hard to make the ends meet. The report discusses the issues of corruption associated with the tennis, football and boxing sports. Historically, sports have been able induce positive emotions for both the players and the spectators alike; however due to consistently increasing instances of corruption in these sports have ruined the joy and excitement associated the sports. Football, tennis and boxing are among the most played and popular sports around the world. Each sport has its massive fan following that draws huge amount of money to the sport. However, this has also lead to the issues of corruption by some greedy professionals and players. In order to better analyze the issues of corruption, a detailed evaluation of the football, boxing and tennis is presented in the report. The report highlights various important incidents of corruption that has spoiled the reputation of the football, boxing and tennis. The incidents of the involvement of FIFAs biggest names in the corruption clearly indicates that corrupti on has developed deep roots and require immediate action to safeguard the interests of audience and the sports itself (Paradiso, 2015). Another popular game, Boxing has also become the hotbed for corruption. Match fixing and betting have assumed the proportions of cancer that will slowly kill the boxing as a sports. The incidents of promoters manipulation every aspect of the game, betting and consumption of banned drugs has put the future of boxing into jeopardy. Tennis also known as gentlemens sports is also not behind its counterparts as far as corruption is concerned. Though, the frequency and magnitude of corruption is less in the tennis, the trend is increasing and that is not good for the sports in general (Holden, 2016). Conclusion From the discussion, it can be inferred that tennis, boxing and football sports are a big phenomenon and assumed a stature that is larger than life. However, its aura is being repeatedly tarnished by corruption and unethical practices. The above analysis of the patterns and latest trends of corruption presents a pessimistic picture about the future of sports in terms of credibility and transparency. It has been observed that the most prolific forms of corruption in the football are related to those individuals or institutions that are vested with the responsibilities of safeguarding the interest of the football. The corruption by FIFA, club owners, match officials are the most common types of corruption in football. These institutes or people have been found involved in bribery, lobbying and using authority for personal gains. Moreover, the likely forms of corruption in football are the involvement of teams players in match fixing in order to enable the bookies to earn huge money. Si milarly, it has been observed that the most common forms of corruption in boxing are match-fixing and betting. Moreover, the emerging forms of corruption in the boxing are the manipulation of players ratings in order enhance players net worth. Lastly, the report presents that the most common forms of corruption is the match fixing that can be attributed to the unfair policies and compensation provided to the low seed players against the huge amount of money the top seed players wins. Further, the emergent form of corruption in tennis is conducted by match referees and umpires by favouring one player over another. References Bean, B. W. (2015). An Interim Essay on FIFA's World Cup of Corruption: The Desperate Need for International Corporate Governance Standards at FIFA. ILSA Journal of International Comparative Law, 98(7), 33-95. Holden, J. T. (2016). Lone-wolf match-fixing: global policy considerations. International Journal of Sports Policy and Politics, 94(18), 1-15. Masters, A. (2015). Corruption in sport: From the playing field to the area of policy. Policy and Society, 34(2), 111-123. Paradiso, E. (2015). Football, clientelism and corruption in Argentina: an anthropological inquiry. Soccer Society, 17(4), 480-495.

Economic Goals free essay sample

ECONOMIC GOALS INTRODUCTION What are economic goals? How do economic goals affect our lives and what are its implications to sustain stability? These questions will be answered based on the materials gathered, learned insights from Miss Nur Shalihah Muhdi, my lecturer for this subject, and using some issues particularly in the country Malaysia. It is a common knowledge that each country is centered by its government who paved way the economic system. Economy as to be the basis of the topic is defined as a study of how people and society end up choosing, with or without the use of money, that could have alternative uses to produce commodities and to distribute them for consumption now or in the future among various group in the society (by our class batch 2000 at Miriam College, Phil. , for economic subject). It could also be defined as a study of choices according to Paul Samuelson. With the better understanding of economy we can now bring to light why there are economic goals and why it is very important that each country must posses such goals. These goals are to attain price stability; make economic growth become faster than population growth; to have low unemployment of resources; and to achieve an equitable distribution of income and wealth. ? Price Stability One of the most important factors to achieve economic growth is to have price stability. It is the ability of the government to control price and minimize fluctuation for the benefit of the public. Price stability shows a situation where the price of goods and services don’t change much over the time. How could it be if a country doesn’t get hold of this influence? Could you imagine how it will create uncertainty to the consumers and firms? Consumers are those who buy products. Now, their consumption will depend on their ability to afford buying a certain product. If a country has price stability, then, the consumers can avoid a â€Å"wait and see† attitude which is to wait until the price decreases. It helps maintain low price of goods and services. This follows such theory that if the price decreases the demand will increase and vice versa. Firms also go after the trend. No businessman will decide to invest if he is aware that there is much fluctuation of price since it will lead to losses. However, if there is control of price, and resources are being affordable most of the time, chances of getting more profit could be more likely to happen. Aside from its advantages for consumers and firms, price stability also holds a big role to reduce inflation rate. Inflation rate is the upward price movement of goods and services in an economy which is measured by consumer price index and producer price index. Malaysian government for example, controls prices on many of the basic items by subsidizing them to keep the price affordable to the public. These items are rice, palm oil, cooking oil, petrol, flour, bread, and many others so that low cost of living could be maintained. It had been reported that the government has spent RM40. 1 billion in 2007 for its subsidies to keep prices levelled. Recently, as of 2009, the government allotted 22 percent of its expenditures for subsidies. Petrol was prioritized with 12 percent of subsidies. Economic Growth faster than Population Growth Economic growth is â€Å"a positive change in the level of production of goods and services by a country over a certain period of time†. Such change is usually being brought about by technological innovation and positive external forces. This essential development should be greater in rate than population growth therefore there would be a zero chance of scarcity rather a sustainable progress and most importantly to uplift the living standard of the people. If let say, the population growth cannot be controlled, while there is no much developmental progress in economy, greater number of people will then be sharing with the same amount of resources and each will be having lesser accumulation than before. Another point is, if economy cannot grow faster than inflation rate, people will also suffer from high cost of living since it will lead to price increase of goods and services while workers who have fixed income will not be able to afford buying the same amount of goods they used to have, instead, it could also be lesser. One good example was three years after Malaysia gain its independence from British occupation; the government gives importance to its growing population rate. They realized that tin and rubber production began to face instability in prices due to fluctuating demand for both commodities and it lso cannot support the growing population’s employment, therefore they launched a program for industrial development making agriculture more modern to ensure adequate returns and at the same time achieve an economy which can be sustained. In 1970, ten years after they begun the program, the government succeeded in providing economic growth over population growth by prov iding more job opportunities to Malaysian people, aside from agriculture diversification and its sprouted industries mainly in wood products, textile, tin and rubber. Low Unemployment of Resources What are resources? What do we mean by unemployment of resources and why it should be lowered? Resources in terms of economy refer to land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship. Land resources are land products, labour refer to the workers, capital would be the means to invest or buy a business and entrepreneurs are the ones who give ideas to run the business. Lowering unemployment of resources would therefore mean lowering the rate of not used resources; or to maximize the use of available resources to expand productivity and create more goods and services. This one important economic goal will not only increase production of goods and services but would also bring more income to the business world and will make the country economically stronger by earning foreign exchange through exporting excess products and services or even labour for those who cannot get a job in their own country. These factors hinder causes of crime rates and corruption activities since people will be getting enough means to live a better life. It would also reduce health problems and malnutrition with enough supply of food and an ability to sustain a healthy living and proper medication. To illustrate such type of low unemployment of resources, I will bring back the history of tin industry in Malaysia. It was late 19th century when it boosts and developed by the British due to increase in the demand of the canning industry worldwide specially the country Britain. The tin resources were abundant and excessive upon discovering major deposit sites in Larut region and Kinta Valley during 1848. These were fully utilized and opened job opportunities even to Chinese workers. Though the supply is excessive for the country, it was eventually exported worldwide and Malaysia became known as the largest producer of tin in the world during 1883. Equitable Distribution of Income and Wealth Equitable distribution is being succeeded when each of one gets a fair share of his rights and choice in terms of job availability, income, health support, better education and proper nourishment. The government must be responsible for this so that there would be a balanced flow of wealth and opportunities to everyone. As such is attainable by knowing what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce, however tax is the common means of every country. What to produce is a question that answers what products are necessary for the time being. How much to produce sets limits of production thus promotes avoidance of exploitation. The third question, for whom to produce gives priority among the various people who are in need of concentration. These are actually often neglected by the government especially in third world countries, the reason why the rich become richer and the poor become poorer. I have read many issues that imply negligence of these factors and it is sad to say that this ‘negligence’ is happening to my own country Philippines. Another great way to drill equilibrium is to impose taxes among workers and businessmen and also a value added tax (VAT) on goods and services. Through taxation, government can generate fund so as to give support to the needy. This is actually a common policy of every country. If you are getting more income then you will also have to pay more taxes from your salary up to your expenditures. Throughout my research, I came to know that Malaysia experienced unbalanced distribution of income and wealth. This happened when British had mainly concentrated in western part of Malaya being more urbanized and was of a higher income group compared to those who lived in the east who were absolutely farmers and fishermen. The eastern become an ethnic group with low level of income. CONCLUSION Upon distinguishing the importance and benefit of four economic goals which are price stability, economic growth faster than population growth, low unemployment of resources, and equitable distribution of income and wealth, we could now be more responsive on every economic decision our government are dealing with and also on economic issues we are encountering on day to day basis. It would still be in the hands of our government how they run and execute these very important factors to achieve developmental progress in our economy. It is simply because they are the one who have the control of distribution, generate laws and reprimands to protect the public and the local market. The more effective the government in observing such goals, the more the people will enjoy the benefits, having a better standard of living with job opportunities to everyone, quality education, descent food on their table, medication and shelter without compromising the needs of the future generations.